prepare benzaldehyde by the oxidation of benzyl alcohol by dilute, aqueous nitric acid with sodium nitrite present.
for every 1 mole of benzyl alcohol oxidation, 0.5 of a mole of nitric acid is consumed. the initial concentration of sodium nitrite doesn't affect the progress of the reaction but its presence is necessary
for its initiation.
these reactants should be combined into a FBF with stirring beads atop of a heating plate.
the energy required for benzyl alcohol to be oxidised by the nitric acid is 81.85kJ/mol. this will form the intermediate benzyl nitrite which is changed to benzaldehyde at an energy of 94.62kJ/mol.
other products formed are N2O, and water.
buy it. or use the kornblum modification of the victor meyer reaction.
first produce ethylene:
the alcohol is dehydrated using aluminium oxide as the catalyst.
ethanol vapour is passed over heated aluminium oxide powder as shown in the diagram.
then form the alkyl halide:
in hydrohalogenation the ethylene reacts with hcl to form the alkyl halide.
bubble the ethylene gas through the hcl.
the production of the nitroethane from the alkyl halide, sodium nitrite, and dimethyl sulfoxide:
to be finished...
prepare ethyl iodide:
A mixture of 500 g (3.94 mol) of iodine, 800 mL of 84% (w/v) ethanol, and 60 g (2.224 mol) of aluminum foil in small pieces is warmed gently. Once started, the reaction increases progressively in vigor,
but can be controlled by cooling; it subsides in about 10 min, and is complete in an hour. The product is distilled until deep red fumes appear. A cold mixture of 700 mL of 84% ethanol and 400 mL of 85%
sulfuric acid is added to the cooled residue. After 15 min, distillation is begun, and continued until no more oily drops form in the water in the receiver. The yield of crude ethyl iodide is 260 mL
(504 g; approx. 80% yield).
prepare silver nitrite:
Silver nitrite is produced from the reaction between silver nitrate and an alkali nitrite, such as sodium nitrite. Silver nitrite is much less soluble in water than silver nitrate, and a solution of
silver nitrate will readily precipitate silver nitrite upon addition of sodium nitrite.
preparing the nitroethane:
Ethyl iodide (3.12g, .02 mole) freshly distilled was stirred in an ice bath at 0'C. Small portions of dry AgNO2 (3.08g., .02 mole) prepared as described (579) were dropped in. The internal temperature
rose to 16'C. The reaction mixture was left overnight (12 hr.) in a cold water bath at 15'C and distilled at atmospheric pressure (739 mm). First fraction (70-75'C) (ethyl iodide 1.84g) and second
fraction (108-115'C), (nitroethane, 570mg) were collected.
For the production of 1-phenyl-2-nitropropene please follow the instructions here.
To reduce this to P2P follow here.
Please follow the discourse here.
Please follow this section of the instructions here.
Follow here.
