Apomorphine Timeline

Timeline References & Image Credits

• References

  1. Bertol, E. et al. “Nymphaea Cults In Ancient Egypt And The New World: A Lesson In Empirical Pharmacology”. JRSM 97.2 (2004): 84-85. Web.

  2. Emboden, William A. “The Sacred Narcotic Lily Of The Nile: Nymphaea Caerulea”. Economic Botany 32.4 (1978): 395-407. Web.

  3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus-eaters.

  4. Pille, T.Lees, A. Stern, G. Erich Harnack (1852 – 1915) And A Short History of Apomorphine. European Neurology 69.6 (2013): 321-324. Web.

  5. Matthiessen, A Researches Into The Chemical Constitution Of The Opium Bases. Part 1. On The Action Of Hydrochloric Acid On Morphia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 17.0 (1868): 455-4760. Web.

  6. Pearce, J M. Samuel Jones Gee (1839-1911) And Stereotypic Movements Caused By Apomorphie. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 59.3. (1995): 279-279. Web.

  7.Pille, T.Lees, A. Stern, G. Erich Harnack (1852 – 1915) And A Short History of Apomorphine. European Neurology 69.6 (2013): 321-324. Web.

  8. Sharman, DF, Stephens DB. Proceedings: The Effect Of Apomorphine On The Behavior Of Farm Animals. J Physiol. 1974 Oct;242(2):25P-27P.

  9.Beasley, H. The Pocket Formulary, Synopsis of the British & Foreign Pharmacopoeas. J & A Churchill. 1877.

  10.Weil, E. De l’apomorphine dans certain troubles nerveux. Lyon Med 1884;48:411–419

  11.Tompkins, J. Apomorphine In Acute Alcoholic Delirium, Medical Record 1899.

  12.Douglas, J. The New York Medical Journal, p.626. 1899.

  13.Apomorphine As A Hypnotic, The Lancet, April 14. 1900. P. 1083.

  14.Hare, F. On Alcoholism; Its Clinical Aspects and Treatment. 1st ed. London: Churchill; 1912.

  15.Langdon, B. The Practitioners Encyclopedia of Medical Treatment. 1st ed. Oxford University Press; 1915.

  16. XX?

  17.Arnaud, F. Therapeutique Pharmcaologie Matière Médicale. 1st ed. Masson et Cie; 1930.

  18.Choudhury, S. Slaby, J. Condition and Suggest: Narcology’s Therapies. Critical Neuroscience. A Handbook of the Social and Cultural Contexts if Neuroscience. John Wiley & Sons 2011.

  19.Lemere, F. Aversion Treatment of Alcoholism. Some Reminiscences. M.D. British Journal of Addiction. 1987 (82) 257 – 258.

  20.Dent, J. Autobiographical notes. Dent family archive.

  21. Dent, J.Apomorphine in the Treatment of Anxiety States, with Especial Reference to Alcohlism, The British Journal of Inebriety, 1934;32(2).

  22. Dent, J. Autobiographical notes. Dent family archive.

  23. Dent, J.Apomorphine in the Treatment of Anxiety States, with Especial Reference to Alcohlism, The British Journal of Inebriety, 1934;32(2).

  24.Nicholls, J. The Highs and Lows of Drinking in Britain. 2014.
  25.Blocker, JS. Fahey, DF. Tyrrel, IR. Alcohol and Temperance In Modern History, An International Encylopedia.. 2003.

  26.Dent, J. Anxiety and its Treatment. London, J. Murray. 1941.

  27.Dent J. Self Treatment of Anxiety and Craving by Apomorphine Through the Nose. The British Journal of Inebriety. 1944. 41 (2).

  28.Dent J. Apomorphine. Samuel Taylor & Co, 1944.(Medical Press).

  29.Revilliod, H. The Third Kelynack Memorial Lecture. Some Aspects of the Problem of Alcoholism in Switzerland. The British Journal of Addiction, 1950. 47(1)

  30.Moser, J. Prevention of alcohol related problems: An international review of preventive measures, policies and programme. World Health Organisation – 1980 – apps.who.int

  31.Thom, E.W. ‘Alcohol Treatment Policy 1950 – 1990: from alcohol treatment to alcohol problems management’. PhD thesis, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.1997.

  32. The Alcohol Problem, International Review against Alcoholism. 1947.

  33.Dent, A. Personal communication, recollections of her father John Dent with Rubinstein, A. 2013.

  34.Dent.J.Apomorphine Treatment of Addiction Some Recent Developments. British Journal of Addiction. 1949. 46 (1).

  35.Kragh, H. From Disulfiram to Antabuse: The history of a drug. University of Aarhus, 2008.

  36.Thiesen, H. Conservatism and Social Control Treatment with Disulfiram in Denmark, 1945 – 2005

  37.Martensen Larsen, O. Treatment of Alcoholism With A Sensitising Drug. The Lancet. P.1004.12.25.1948.

  38. REFERENCE NEEDED

  39.Morsier, G. Feldmann, F.The Biological Treatment of Chronic Alcoholism by Apomorphine Study of 150 cases. The British Journal of Addiction.1950.

  40.Word Health Organisation Technical Report Series. No.42. Expert Committee On Mental Health, Report on the First Session of the Acloholsim Subcommittee. Geneva, 11 -16 December 1950. (5). Means of Treatment. Pages 13/14.

  41.Martensen-Larsen O. Five Years Experience with disulfiram in the Treatment of Alcoholism, QJ. Stud Alcohol. 1953 Sep; 14(3):406-18.

  42.Schwab R. Prichard J. An Assessment of Therapy in Parkinson’s Disease. AMA Arch NeurPsych. 1951;65(4):489-501.

  43.Thom, E.W. ‘Alcohol Treatment Policy 1950 – 1990: from alcohol treatment to alcohol problems management’. PhD thesis, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.1997.

  44. Stormont, R T. Secretary, The American Medical Association. Correspondence to Dent, J. 14.2.1955. Dent family archive.

  45. Bauer, T. Trip to Hell and Back. WSB interviewed in Trax, 1981.

  46.Miles, B. William Burroughs A Life. p.284. 2014.

  47.Burroughs, W. Letter from a Master Addicto to Dangerous Drugs. Britisih Journal of Addiction 53(2) 1957.

  48.Miles, B. William Burroughs A Life, 2014.

  49.Burroughs, W. The Naked Lunch 1962.

  50.Montagu, KA (1957) Catechol compounds in rat tissues and in brains of different animals. Nature 180: 244–245.

  51.Carlsson A, Lindqvist M, Magnusson, T (1957) 3,4- Dihydroxyphenylalanine and 5-hydroxy-tryptophan as reserpine antagonists. Nature 180: 1200.

  52.Halvorsen, KA. Martensen Larsen, O. Apomorphine Revived, Fortified, Prlonged and Improved Therapeutical Effect. Int J Addict.1978 Apr;13(3):475-84.

  53.Martensen-Larsen O. Five Years Experience with disulfiram in the Treatment of Alcoholism, QJ. Stud Alcohol. 1953 Sep; 14(3):406-18.

  54.Halvorsen, KA. Martensen Larsen, O. Apomorphine Revived, 197 Draft copy. Rubinstein Archive.

  55. Dent,J. The British Journal of Addiction 1961 57(2).

  56.Glatt, M. Response to Leon Shirlaw’s letter, 23.11.1986. Alcohol & Alcoholism, Vol.26, No 26. Pg.651-654. 1991.

  57.Moynihan, NH. The Treatment of Alcoholism in General Practice. Practitioner. 1965 Aug;195:223-7.

  58.Ernst, AM., Relation between the action of dopamine and apomorphine and their O-methylated derivatives upon the CNS. Psychopharmacologia. 1965 May 21;7(6):391-9.

  59.Carlsson, A. Interview with Arvid Carlsson by Rubinstein. A. 30.05.2013.

  60.Schlatter, E.K.E. Treatment of alcoholics with apomorphine using Dent’s Method; A Preliminary Stidy. Quebec Psychopharmacological Associaton 08.02.1966.

  61. Cotzias, G. L-Dopa for Parkinsonism. New England Journal of Medicine. 1968. 278 (11): 630.

  62.Schlatter, E.K.E. Treatment of alcoholics with apomorphine using Dent’s method; a preliminary study. Psycho-Pharacological Association. 8.2.1966.

  63.Schlatter, E.K.E. Lal, S. Treatment of Alcoholics with Dent’s Apomorphine Method.1972.

  64.Tallberg, A. Work and results in a minor alcohol clinic outside Stockholm. 20th International Institute on the Prevention and Treatment of Alcoholism. Manchester. England, June 24-28, 1974.

  65.Personal communication, Hore. B.D, (Manchester conference organizer,1974) with Rubinstein A. 19.04.2017.

  66.Beil, H. The Treatment of Multiple Drug Dependence and Alcoholism with Apomorphine. Zusammengestellt und herausgegeben von Hanwilhelm Beil. Hamburg 1976.

  67.Beil,H, Trojan, A. The use of apomorphine in the treatment of alcoholism and other addictions: results of a general practitioner. Br J Addict Alcohol Other Drugs. 1977 Jun;72(2):129-34.

  68.Carlsson,C. Johansson, PR. Gullberg, B. A double-blind cross-over study: apomorphine/placebo in chronic alcoholics. Int J Clin Pharmacol Biopharm. 1977 May;15(5):211-3.

  69.Beil, H. Present Status of the Treatment of Alcohol Addicts with Apomorphine. 32nd International Congress on Alcoholism and Drug Depdendent. 1978. Warsaw.

  70.Madden JS. A Guide to Alcohol and Drug Dependence. 1979.

  71. Lees, AJ. Personal communication, email correspondence with Rubinstein, A. 2016.

  72.Lees AJ. Mentored by a Madman: The William Burroughs Experiment. 2016.

  73.Anokhina, A. Alcohol and Alcohol Problems Research 13. U.S.S.R. British Journal of Addiction.1987.

  74.Di Chiara, G. Imperato, A. Drugs abused by humans preferentially increase synaptic dopamine concentrations in the mesolimbic system of freely moving rats. 1988 Jul;85(14):5274-8.

  75.Lees, AJ. Mentored by a Madman: The William Burroughs Experiment. 2016.

  76.Letter from Edwards, G. to Sweeney, J and Rubinstein, A.L..23.10.1990. Dent family archive.

  77.Volkow, N. Wang, G. Doria. J. Monitoring the Brain’s Response to Alcohol With Positron Emission Tomography. 1995.

  78. Martensen Larsen, O. private correspondence with Dent, A. 18.10.90. Dent family archive.

  79.Schellekens, AF. van Oosterwijck, AW, Ellenbroek B, de Jong CA, Buitelaar JK, Cools L, Verkes RJ. The dopamine agonist apomorphine differentially affects cognitive performance in alcohol dependent patients and healthy controls. 2008.

  80.Riddell P. I Was An Alcoholic The Story of A Cure. Victor Gollancz 1955.

  81.Tallberg, A, Work and results in a minor alcohol clinic outside Stockholm. The Treatment of Multiple Drug Dependence and Alcoholism with Apomorphine, 1976.

  82. Klee, EW. Personal communication, interview with Rubinstein A.2016.

  83.Morales-Rosado, JA., Cousin Margot, A., Ebbert Jon, O. Klee, EW. A Critical Review of Repurposing Apomorphine for Smoking Cessation. ASSAY and Drug Development Technologies. December 2015, 13(10): 612-622.

  84. Personal communication, emails between Nutt, DJ. Mulfano, MR and Rubinstein, A. 2016.

• Image Credits

  Image Credits
  

  Title Slide
  © akg-images

  Circa 1300 BC
  Nymphaea Caerulea
  By Louis van Houtte (1810-1876) (editor) (http://www.botanicus.org/page/1430839) [Public domain], <a href=”https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ANymphaea_caerulea00.jpg”>via Wikimedia Commons</a>

  8 BC
  The Lotus Eaters
  See page for author [Public domain], <a href=”https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3ALotus-eaters.png”>via Wikimedia Commons</a>

  1845
  Adolf Edvard Arppe
  By C. A. Hårdh [Public domain], <a href=”https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AProf_Adolf_Edvard_Arppe.jpg”>via Wikimedia Commons</a>

  1869
  A meeting at The Royal Society
  Antonia Rubinstein
  

  1869
  Charles Alder Wright
  Image courtesy of Wellcome Library, London

  1912
  Beckenham Place Park, location of Hare’s sanatorium
  © Copyright I M Chengappa and licensed for reuse under this Creative Commons Licence

  1944
  By F. Conrad (old poster) [Public domain], <a href=”https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3APlakat_Jura-Simplon-Bahn_1890.jpg”>via Wikimedia Commons</a>

  1946
  By Agriculture And Stock Department, Publicity Branch [Public domain], <a href=”https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AQueensland_State_Archives_1404_Eventide_Home_Sandgate_October_1949.png”>via Wikimedia Commons</a>

  1947
  Dr. Oluf Martensen-Larsen of Copenhagen
  Copyright University of Southern California

  1948
  By San Diego Air & Space Museum Archives [<a href=”https://www.flickr.com/commons/usage/”>No restrictions</a>], <a href=”https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AWorld_Poster_(19477940425).jpg”>via Wikimedia Commons</a>

  1950
  By US Navy [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

  1951
  Robert S. Schwab
  Image courtesy of U.S. National Library of Medicine

  1970
  Tremors produced by Parkinson’s disease
  Image courtesy of Creative Commons/Lu Yang’s artworks

  1990
  Andrew Lees
  By Andrewlees – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link

  2000
  Arvid Carlsson
  By Vogler – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, Link

  2011
  By Doc. RNDr. Josef Reischig, CSc. – Archiv autora, CC BY 3.0, Link